Itchy, red eyes are something most of us have experienced – sometimes the cause stems from allergies, a change in seasons or an infection. Navigating the treatment of itchy, red eyes will only be effective when the root cause is determined.
We've gathered insider insights from our team at Thompson Optics to help you understand the difference between itchy eyes cause by allergies versus an infection.
Understanding Eye Allergies
Causes:
Eye allergies, or allergic conjunctivitis are a result of the eyes reacting to allergens like pet dander, pollen, dust or mold. The immune system responds to these harmless substances as threats, releasing histamines that cause inflammation.
Symptoms:
- Itching: A predominant symptom causing a strong urge to rub the eyes.
- Redness: Due to dilated blood vessels in the conjunctiva.
- Tearing: Increased tear production as the eyes attempt to flush out allergens.
- Swelling: Eyelids may become puffy.
- Burning Sensation: A feeling of irritation or soreness.
These symptoms typically affect both eyes simultaneously and may be accompanied by nasal congestion or sneezing.
Understanding Eye Infections
Causes:
Eye infections can be bacterial, viral, or fungal. Common types include:
- Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Often caused by bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- Viral Conjunctivitis: Commonly linked to adenoviruses (symptoms often manifest as pneumonia and pink eye) and associated with colds.
- Keratitis: An infection of the cornea that can result from improper contact lens use.
Symptoms:
- Redness: Similar to allergies but often more intense.
- Discharge: Thick, yellow-green discharge suggests bacterial infection; watery discharge is more common in viral infections.
- Pain or Discomfort: A sensation of grittiness or foreign body in the eye.
- Swelling: Eyelids may be swollen and tender.
- Light Sensitivity: Discomfort when exposed to bright light.
Infections may start in one eye and spread to the other, especially if caused by viruses or bacteria.
Key Differences Between Allergies and Infections
- Onset: Allergy symptoms often occur suddenly upon exposure to allergens, while infections develop more gradually.
- Discharge: Allergies typically cause clear, watery discharge; infections may produce colored, thicker discharge.
- Associated Symptoms: Allergies often include nasal symptoms like sneezing; infections may be accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever.
Treatment Approaches
For Eye Allergies:
- Avoid Allergens: Identify and minimize exposure to triggers.
- Cold Compresses: Apply to your eyes to reduce itching and swelling.
- Artificial Tears: Use to wash away allergens and soothe irritation.
- Antihistamine Eye Drops: Prescription drops (also used as a dry eye treatment) can alleviate symptoms.
For Eye Infections:
- Consult Our Eye Doctors: Proper diagnosis is essential.
- Antibiotic or Antiviral Medications: Prescribed based on the type of infection.
- Warm Compresses: Can help alleviate discomfort and remove crusting.
- Good Hygiene Practices: Avoid touching or rubbing the eyes; wash hands frequently.
When to Seek Professional Care
If you experience severe pain, vision changes, intense redness, or symptoms persist beyond a few days, it's crucial to consult with an eye care professional. At Thompson Optics in Edmonton, our team is equipped to diagnose and treat various eye conditions, ensuring you receive appropriate care tailored to your needs. Book your consultations here to find the root cause of your symptoms.